ENUM -- Telephone Number Mapping B. Hoeneisen Working Group Switch Internet-Draft Feb 10, 2006 Expires: August 14, 2006 ENUM Validation Information Mapping for the Extensible Provisioning Protocol draft-ietf-enum-validation-epp-03 Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on August 14, 2006. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). Abstract This document describes an Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) extension framework for mapping information about the validation process that has been applied for the E.164 number (or number range), which the E.164 Number Mapping (ENUM) domain name is based on. Specified in the Extensible Markup Language (XML), this mapping extends the EPP domain name mapping to provide an additional feature required for the provisioning of ENUM domain names. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 1] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 Table of Contents 1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Object Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. ENUM Domain Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.2. Validation Information Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.3. Id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.4. Validation information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.5. Validation Elements in the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.5.1. Method Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.5.2. Validation Entity Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.5.3. Registrar Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.5.4. Execution Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.5.5. Expiration Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. EPP Command Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1. EPP Query Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1.1. EPP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1.2. EPP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1.3. EPP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2. EPP Transform Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2.1. EPP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2.2. EPP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2.3. EPP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.2.4. EPP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.2.5. EPP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6. Formal Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 9. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 10.2. Non-Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 26 Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 2] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 1. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1]. In examples, "C:" represents lines sent by a protocol client and "S:" represents lines returned by a protocol server. Indentation and white space in examples is provided only to illustrate element relationships and is not a REQUIRED feature of this specification. XML is case sensitive. Unless stated otherwise, XML specifications and examples provided in this document MUST be interpreted in the character case presented to develop a conforming implementation. 2. Introduction This document describes a framework for an ENUM [2] validation information mapping for version 1.0 of EPP [3]. This mapping, an extension of the EPP domain name mapping described in [4], is specified using XML 1.0 as described in [5] and XML Schema notation as described in [6] and [7]. The EPP core protocol specification [3] provides a complete description of EPP command and response structures. A thorough understanding of the base protocol specification is necessary to understand the mapping described in this document. ENUM [2] describes how the Domain Name System (DNS) can be used to identify services associated with an E.164 number. As described in [9], usually only the Assignee of the E.164 number (or number range) has the right to register the corresponding ENUM domain name. Therefore an ENUM validation process has to be applied before the ENUM domain name can be inserted into the DNS. The validation process shall ensure that the holder of the ENUM domain name coincides with the Assignee of the corresponding E.164 number (or number range). However, the details of the ENUM validation methods are beyond the scope of this document. The EPP extension described in this document specifies a framework for the mapping of information about the validation process that has been applied for the E.164 number (or number range) the ENUM domain name is based on. As the local legislation or the validation procedures may vary, the content of validation information itself is not specified in this document. However, it includes a working example (including XML schema) to show how the validation information Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 3] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 could look like. Using this extension framework, the content of the validation information can be specified according to the local requirements. Such an extension is specified in [10]. More background information concerning the validation can be found in [9], which also describes a typical basic role model for the ENUM registration process. 3. Requirements The following requirements are the basis for this work: 1. The design shall allow multiple policies and validation procedures. 2. It shall be possible to transmit validation information with EPP domain object requests and responses. 3. It shall be possible to add, modify, and remove validation information. 4. It shall be possible to retrieve validation information stored at the ENUM Registry. 4. Object Attributes This extension adds additional elements to the EPP domain name mapping [4]. Only new element descriptions are listed here. 4.1. ENUM Domain Names An ENUM Domain Name is a representation of an E.164 number that has been translated to conform to domain name syntax as described in the ENUM specification [2]. 4.2. Validation Information Commands The following commands are defined for handling validation information at the registry: o add: to add new validation information o rem: to revoke validation information o chg: to change stored validation information o inf: to get information about stored validation information 4.3. Id The "id" attribute, used to identify the validation, is represented in this mapping using a character string. It MUST be unique at least within the same ENUM Domain Name. To ensure uniqueness even after a transfer of an ENUM Domain Name, it is RECOMMENDED that the "id" Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 4] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 attribute is unique per ENUM Registry. The "id" attribute, usually assigned by the ENUM Registrar, is required for revoking or changing stored validation information and appears in the Validation Information Command elements (see above). 4.4. Validation information The element can contain any element containing validation information, which is documented adequately. It is represented in this mapping using the XML schema element and therefore it is extensible. How many elements are permitted per domain object is subject to local policy. 4.5. Validation Elements in the Example As described above, this document includes an example for a possible content of validation information, which is used in the EPP examples throughout this document. 4.5.1. Method Identifier The element is represented in this mapping using a character string with a maximum length of 63 characters. It contains an identifier for the method used for the validation. As stated above, the details of the ENUM validation methods are beyond the scope of this document. 4.5.2. Validation Entity Identifier The element is represented in this mapping using a character string with a length of 3 to 16 characters. It contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Validation Entity e.g. by the ENUM Registry. 4.5.3. Registrar Identifier The element is represented in this mapping using a character string with a length of 3 to 16 characters. It contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Registrar by the ENUM Registry. 4.5.4. Execution Date The element, the execution date of the validation, is represented in this mapping using the XML Schema 'date' data type. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 5] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 4.5.5. Expiration Date The element, the expiration date of the validation, is represented in this mapping using the XML Schema 'date' data type. 5. EPP Command Mapping A detailed description of the EPP syntax and semantics can be found in the EPP core protocol specification [3], and the EPP domain name mapping is described in [4]. The command mappings described here are specifically for use in implementing ENUM validation information provisioning processes via EPP. 5.1. EPP Query Commands EPP provides three commands to retrieve object information: to determine if an object is known to the server, to retrieve detailed information associated with an object, and to retrieve object transfer status information. 5.1.1. EPP Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP command or response described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. 5.1.2. EPP Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP command described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. Additional elements are defined for the response. When an command has been processed successfully, the EPP element MUST contain child elements as described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. In addition, the EPP element MUST contain an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The element contains one or more elements each with an "id" attribute identifying the validation. Each element contains an element, which contains the validation information as child element. In the examples below, the validation information consists of an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The element contains the following child elements: Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 6] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 o An element that contains an identifier of the validation method. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Validation Entity. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Registrar by the ENUM Registry. o An element that contains the date, when the validation has been performed. o An OPTIONAL element that contains the date, when the validation expires. Example for response: S: S: S: S: S: Command completed successfully S: S: S: S: 5.1.5.1.8.6.2.4.4.1.4.e164.arpa S: EXAMPLE1-REP S: S: jd1234 S: sh8013 S: sh8013 S: S: ns1.example.com S: ns2.example.com S: S: ClientX S: ClientY S: 1999-04-03T22:00:00.0Z S: ClientX S: 1999-12-03T09:00:00.0Z S: 2005-04-03T22:00:00.0Z S: 2000-04-08T09:00:00.0Z S: S: 2fooBAR S: S: Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 7] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 S: S: S: S: S: S: S: Validation-X S: VE-NMQ S: Client-X S: 2004-04-08 S: 2004-10-07 S: S: S: S: S: S: S: ABC-23456 S: 54321-XYZ S: S: S: Figure 1 5.1.3. EPP Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP command or response described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. 5.2. EPP Transform Commands EPP provides five commands to transform objects: to create an instance of an object, to delete an instance of an object, to extend the validity period of an object, to manage object sponsorship changes, and to change information associated with an object. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 8] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 5.2.1. EPP Command This extension defines additional elements for the EPP command described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. No additional elements are defined for the EPP response. The EPP command provides a transform operation that allows a client to create a domain object. In addition to the EPP command elements described in the EPP domain mapping [4], the command MUST contain an element. The element MUST contain an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The element contains one or more elements each with an "id" attribute identifying the validation. Each element contains an element, which contains the validation information as child element. In the examples below, the validation information consists of an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The element contains the following child elements: o An element that contains an identifier of the validation method. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Validation Entity. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Registrar by the ENUM Registry. o An element that contains the date, when the validation has been performed. o An OPTIONAL element that contains the date, when the validation expires. Example for command: C: C: C: C: C: C: 5.1.5.1.8.6.2.4.4.1.4.e164.arpa C: 1 Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 9] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 C: C: ns1.example.com C: ns2.example.com C: C: jd1234 C: sh8013 C: sh8013 C: C: 2fooBAR C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: Validation-X C: VE-NMQ C: Client-X C: 2004-04-08 C: 2004-10-07 C: C: C: C: C: C: ABC-12345 C: C: Figure 2 When an extended command has been processed successfully, the EPP response is as described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. 5.2.2. EPP Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP command or response described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 10] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 5.2.3. EPP Command This extension defines additional elements for the EPP command described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. No additional elements are defined for the EPP response. The EPP command provides a transform operation that allows a client to extend the validity period of a domain object. In addition to the EPP command elements described in the EPP domain mapping [4], the command MUST contain an element. The element MUST contain an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The element contains one or more elements each with an "id" attribute identifying the validation. Each element contains an element, which contains the validation information as child element. In the examples below, the validation information consists of an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The contains the following child elements: o An element that contains an identifier of the validation method. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Validation Entity. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Registrar by the ENUM Registry. o An element that contains the date, when the validation has been performed. o An OPTIONAL element that contains the date, when the validation expires. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 11] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 Example for command: C: C: C: C: C: C: 5.1.5.1.8.6.2.4.4.1.4.e164.arpa C: 2005-04-09 C: 1 C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: Validation-X C: VE-NMQ C: Client-X C: 2005-03-30 C: 2005-09-29 C: C: C: C: C: C: ABC-45678 C: C: Figure 3 When an extended command has been processed successfully, the Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 12] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 EPP response is as described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. 5.2.4. EPP Command This extension defines additional elements for the EPP command described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. No additional elements are defined for the EPP response. The EPP command provides a transform operation that allows a client to manage requests to transfer the sponsorship of a domain object. Clients can initiate, cancel, approve, and reject a transfer request. In case of a transfer request, in addition to the EPP command elements described in the EPP domain mapping [4], the command MUST contain an element. The element MUST contain an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The element contains one or more elements each with an "id" attribute identifying the validation. Each element contains an element, which contains the validation information as child element. In the examples below, the validation information consists of an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The contains the following child elements: o An element that contains an identifier of the validation method. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Validation Entity. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Registrar by the ENUM Registry. o An element that contains the date, when the validation has been performed. o An OPTIONAL element that contains the date, when the validation expires. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 13] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 Example for command: C: C: C: C: C: C: 5.1.5.1.8.6.2.4.4.1.4.e164.arpa C: C: 2fooBAR C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: Validation-Y C: VE2-LMQ C: Client-Y C: 2005-01-22 C: 2005-07-21 C: C: C: C: C: C: XYZ-54789 C: C: Figure 4 Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 14] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 When an extended command has been processed successfully, the EPP response is as described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. 5.2.5. EPP Command This extension defines additional elements for the EPP command described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. No additional elements are defined for the EPP response. The EPP command provides a transform operation that allows a client to change the state of a domain object. In addition to the EPP command elements described in the EPP domain mapping [4], the command MUST contain an element. The element MUST contain an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The element contains one or more , or elements each with an "id" attribute identifying the validation. Each and element contains an element, which contains the validation information as child element. elements do not have child elements In the examples below, the validation information consists of an element that identifies the extension namespace and the location of the extension schema. The contains the following child elements: o An element that contains an identifier of the validation method. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Validation Entity. o An OPTIONAL element that contains an identifier assigned to the ENUM Registrar by the ENUM Registry. o An element that contains the date, when the validation has been performed. o An OPTIONAL element that contains the date, when the validation expires. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 15] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 Example for command: C: C: C: C: C: C: 5.1.5.1.8.6.2.4.4.1.4.e164.arpa C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: Validation-X C: VE-NMQ C: Client-X C: 2004-10-02 C: 2005-04-01 C: C: C: C: C: C: C: ABC-34567 C: C: Figure 5 When an extended command has been processed successfully, the EPP response is as described in the EPP domain mapping [4]. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 16] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 6. Formal Syntax An EPP object mapping is specified in XML Schema notation. The formal syntax presented here is a complete schema representation of the object mapping suitable for automated validation of EPP XML instances. The BEGIN and END tags are not part of the schemas; they are used to note the beginning and ending of the schema for URI registration purposes. Formal syntax for Framework: BEGIN Extensible Provisioning Protocol v1.0 domain name extension schema for framework for provisioning of E.164 number validation information. END Figure 6 Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 19] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 Formal syntax for a simple validation (example): Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 20] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 BEGIN Example for E.164 number validation information. END Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 21] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 Figure 7 7. IANA Considerations This document uses URNs to describe XML namespaces and XML schemas conforming to a registry mechanism described in RFC 3688 [8]. Four URI assignments are requested. 1. Registration request for the extension namespace: * URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:e164val-1.0 * Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this document. * XML: None. Namespace URIs do not represent an XML specification. 2. Registration request for the extension XML schema: * URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:e164val-1.0 * Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this document. * XML: See the "Formal Syntax" section of this document. 3. Registration request for the extension namespace: * URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:e164valex-1.1 * Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this document. * XML: None. Namespace URIs do not represent an XML specification. 4. Registration request for the extension XML schema: * URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:e164valex-1.1 * Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this document. * XML: See the "Formal Syntax" section of this document. 8. Security Considerations The mapping extensions described in this document do not provide any security services beyond those described by EPP [3], the EPP domain name mapping [4], and protocol layers used by EPP. Security considerations related to ENUM are described in the "Security Considerations" section of the ENUM specification [2]. The security considerations described in these other specifications apply to this specification as well. Validation information often contains sensitive personal information. It is RECOMMENDED that validation information in the response is only provided to the sponsoring client. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 22] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 9. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the following people who have provided significant contributions to the development of this document: Alexander Mayrhofer, Marcel Parodi, Patrik Schaefer, Patrick Zenklusen [11] has been used as a template for this document. The structure and those paragraphs, which apply to both documents have been taken over from [11]. The author would like to thank Scott Hollenbeck for this great spadework. 10. References 10.1. Normative References [1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [2] Faltstrom, P. and M. Mealling, "The E.164 to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application (ENUM)", RFC 3761, April 2004. [3] Hollenbeck, S., "Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)", RFC 3730, March 2004. [4] Hollenbeck, S., "Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) Domain Name Mapping", RFC 3731, March 2004. [5] Yergeau, F., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Bray, T., and E. Maler, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition)", W3C REC REC-xml-20040204, February 2004. [6] Maloney, M., Beech, D., Thompson, H., and N. Mendelsohn, "XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition", W3C REC REC- xmlschema-1-20041028, October 2004. [7] Malhotra, A. and P. Biron, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition", W3C REC REC-xmlschema-2-20041028, October 2004. [8] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688, January 2004. 10.2. Non-Normative References [9] Mayrhofer, A. and B. Hoeneisen, "ENUM Validation Architecture", draft-ietf-enum-validation-arch-01 (work in progress), Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 23] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 February 2006. [10] Lendl, O., "ENUM Validation Token Format Definition", draft-ietf-enum-validation-token-00 (work in progress), October 2005. [11] Hollenbeck, S., "E.164 Number Mapping for the Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)", RFC 4114, June 2005. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 24] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 Author's Address Bernie Hoeneisen Switch Neumuehlequai 6 CH-8001 Zuerich Switzerland Phone: +41 44 268 1515 Email: hoeneisen@switch.ch, b.hoeneisen@ieee.org URI: http://www.switch.ch/ Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 25] Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Mapping for EPP Feb 2006 Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. 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Disclaimer of Validity This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. Acknowledgment Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Hoeneisen Expires August 14, 2006 [Page 26]